AutomedicationFrancoV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000128

Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.

Identifieur interne : 000128 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000127; suivant : 000129

Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.

Auteurs : Cynthia Semá Baltazar [Mozambique, Belgique] ; Makini Boothe [Belgique, États-Unis] ; Timothy Kellogg [États-Unis] ; Paulino Ricardo [Mozambique] ; Isabel Sathane [Mozambique] ; Erika Fazito [Mozambique] ; Henry F. Raymond [États-Unis] ; Marleen Temmerman [Belgique, Kenya] ; Stanley Luchters [Belgique, Kenya, Australie]

Source :

BMC public health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2020.

RBID : pubmed:32493347

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Co-infection (psychologie), Co-infection (virologie), Co-infection (épidémiologie), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Hepacivirus (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hépatite B (psychologie), Hépatite B (virologie), Hépatite B (épidémiologie), Hépatite C (psychologie), Hépatite C (virologie), Hépatite C (épidémiologie), Infections à VIH (psychologie), Infections à VIH (virologie), Infections à VIH (épidémiologie), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mozambique (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Partage de seringue (statistiques et données numériques), Prise de risque (MeSH), Prévalence (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Toxicomanie intraveineuse (psychologie), Toxicomanie intraveineuse (virologie), Toxicomanie intraveineuse (épidémiologie), Usagers de drogues (psychologie), Usagers de drogues (statistiques et données numériques), VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) (MeSH), Virus de l'hépatite B (MeSH), Épidémies (MeSH), Études transversales (MeSH).
MESH :
- psychologie : Co-infection, Hépatite B, Hépatite C, Infections à VIH, Toxicomanie intraveineuse, Usagers de drogues.
- statistiques et données numériques : Partage de seringue, Usagers de drogues.
- virologie : Co-infection, Hépatite B, Hépatite C, Infections à VIH, Toxicomanie intraveineuse.
- épidémiologie : Co-infection, Hépatite B, Hépatite C, Infections à VIH, Mozambique, Toxicomanie intraveineuse.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Hepacivirus, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Prise de risque, Prévalence, Sujet âgé, VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine), Virus de l'hépatite B, Épidémies, Études transversales.
Wicri :
- geographic : Mozambique.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Coinfection (epidemiology), Coinfection (psychology), Coinfection (virology), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Drug Users (psychology), Drug Users (statistics & numerical data), Epidemics (MeSH), Female (MeSH), HIV (MeSH), HIV Infections (epidemiology), HIV Infections (psychology), HIV Infections (virology), Hepacivirus (MeSH), Hepatitis B (epidemiology), Hepatitis B (psychology), Hepatitis B (virology), Hepatitis B virus (MeSH), Hepatitis C (epidemiology), Hepatitis C (psychology), Hepatitis C (virology), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Mozambique (epidemiology), Needle Sharing (statistics & numerical data), Prevalence (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), Risk-Taking (MeSH), Substance Abuse, Intravenous (epidemiology), Substance Abuse, Intravenous (psychology), Substance Abuse, Intravenous (virology), Young Adult (MeSH).
MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Mozambique.
- epidemiology : Coinfection, HIV Infections, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Substance Abuse, Intravenous.
- psychology : Coinfection, Drug Users, HIV Infections, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Substance Abuse, Intravenous.
- statistics & numerical data : Drug Users, Needle Sharing.
- virology : Coinfection, HIV Infections, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Substance Abuse, Intravenous.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epidemics, Female, HIV, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis B virus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Young Adult.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

There is scare information about HIV co-infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Mozambique. This information is critical to ensure the treatment necessary to decrease the progression of liver disease and the transmission of both HIV and hepatitis. We assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infections as well as associated risk factors among PWID.

METHODS

The first Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted in 2013-2014 among persons who self-reported to have ever injected drugs. Using respondent-driven sampling, PWID aged 18 years and older were recruited in two cross-sectional samples in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala, two large urban centers of Mozambique. Rapid screening of HIV, HBV (HBsAg) and HCV was performed on site. Data from participants in both cities were pooled to conduct RDS-weighted bivariate analyses with HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections as separate outcomes. Unweighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess correlates of co-infection.

RESULTS

Among 492 eligible PWID, 93.3% were male and median age was 32 years [IQR: 27-36]. HIV, HBV and HCV prevalence were respectively 44.9% (95% CI:37.6-52.3), 32.8% (95% CI:26.3-39.5) and 38.3 (95% CI:30.6-45.9). Co-infections of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV were identified in 13.1% (95% CI:7.2-18.9), 29.5% (95% CI:22.2-36.8) and 9.2% (95% CI:3.7-14.7) of PWID, respectively. Older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HBV co-infection. Living in Maputo city, have older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HCV co-infection.

CONCLUSION

There is a high burden of HBV and HCV among HIV-infected PWID in Mozambique. Our results highlight the need for targeted harm reduction interventions that include needle exchange programs and integrated services for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, HBV and HCV to address these epidemics among PWID. Efforts should be made to strengthen ART coverage in the population as an important treatment strategy for both viruses.

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09012-w
PubMed: 32493347
PubMed Central: PMC7271460

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Main, to step Corpus: 000155
to stream Main, to step Curation: 000155

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Sema Baltazar, Cynthia" sort="Sema Baltazar, Cynthia" uniqKey="Sema Baltazar C" first="Cynthia" last="Semá Baltazar">Cynthia Semá Baltazar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo, Mozambique. cynthiasema@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. cynthiasema@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Boothe, Makini" sort="Boothe, Makini" uniqKey="Boothe M" first="Makini" last="Boothe">Makini Boothe</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ricardo, Paulino" sort="Ricardo, Paulino" uniqKey="Ricardo P" first="Paulino" last="Ricardo">Paulino Ricardo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Sathane, Isabel" sort="Sathane, Isabel" uniqKey="Sathane I" first="Isabel" last="Sathane">Isabel Sathane</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Program to Control STIs and HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Fazito, Erika" sort="Fazito, Erika" uniqKey="Fazito E" first="Erika" last="Fazito">Erika Fazito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Center Aids Program (ICAP), Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Center Aids Program (ICAP), Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raymond, Henry F" sort="Raymond, Henry F" uniqKey="Raymond H" first="Henry F" last="Raymond">Henry F. Raymond</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, San Francisco, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of California, San Francisco</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region>
<settlement type="city">New Brunswick (New Jersey)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Rutgers</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Temmerman, Marleen" sort="Temmerman, Marleen" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="Marleen" last="Temmerman">Marleen Temmerman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of OBGYN, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of OBGYN, Aga Khan University, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Luchters, Stanley" sort="Luchters, Stanley" uniqKey="Luchters S" first="Stanley" last="Luchters">Stanley Luchters</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coinfection (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coinfection (psychology)</term>
<term>Coinfection (virology)</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Drug Users (psychology)</term>
<term>Drug Users (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Epidemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>HIV (MeSH)</term>
<term>HIV Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>HIV Infections (psychology)</term>
<term>HIV Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Hepacivirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hepatitis B (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Hepatitis B (psychology)</term>
<term>Hepatitis B (virology)</term>
<term>Hepatitis B virus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hepatitis C (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Hepatitis C (psychology)</term>
<term>Hepatitis C (virology)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mozambique (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Needle Sharing (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Prevalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>Risk-Taking (MeSH)</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous (psychology)</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous (virology)</term>
<term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Co-infection (psychologie)</term>
<term>Co-infection (virologie)</term>
<term>Co-infection (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hepacivirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hépatite B (psychologie)</term>
<term>Hépatite B (virologie)</term>
<term>Hépatite B (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Hépatite C (psychologie)</term>
<term>Hépatite C (virologie)</term>
<term>Hépatite C (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Infections à VIH (psychologie)</term>
<term>Infections à VIH (virologie)</term>
<term>Infections à VIH (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mozambique (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Partage de seringue (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>Prise de risque (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prévalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse (psychologie)</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse (virologie)</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Usagers de drogues (psychologie)</term>
<term>Usagers de drogues (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) (MeSH)</term>
<term>Virus de l'hépatite B (MeSH)</term>
<term>Épidémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Mozambique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Hepatitis B</term>
<term>Hepatitis C</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Hépatite B</term>
<term>Hépatite C</term>
<term>Infections à VIH</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse</term>
<term>Usagers de drogues</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Drug Users</term>
<term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Hepatitis B</term>
<term>Hepatitis C</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Drug Users</term>
<term>Needle Sharing</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Partage de seringue</term>
<term>Usagers de drogues</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Hépatite B</term>
<term>Hépatite C</term>
<term>Infections à VIH</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Hepatitis B</term>
<term>Hepatitis C</term>
<term>Substance Abuse, Intravenous</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Hépatite B</term>
<term>Hépatite C</term>
<term>Infections à VIH</term>
<term>Mozambique</term>
<term>Toxicomanie intraveineuse</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Epidemics</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>HIV</term>
<term>Hepacivirus</term>
<term>Hepatitis B virus</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Prevalence</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>Risk-Taking</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Hepacivirus</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Prise de risque</term>
<term>Prévalence</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)</term>
<term>Virus de l'hépatite B</term>
<term>Épidémies</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mozambique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>There is scare information about HIV co-infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Mozambique. This information is critical to ensure the treatment necessary to decrease the progression of liver disease and the transmission of both HIV and hepatitis. We assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infections as well as associated risk factors among PWID.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>The first Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted in 2013-2014 among persons who self-reported to have ever injected drugs. Using respondent-driven sampling, PWID aged 18 years and older were recruited in two cross-sectional samples in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala, two large urban centers of Mozambique. Rapid screening of HIV, HBV (HBsAg) and HCV was performed on site. Data from participants in both cities were pooled to conduct RDS-weighted bivariate analyses with HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections as separate outcomes. Unweighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess correlates of co-infection.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Among 492 eligible PWID, 93.3% were male and median age was 32 years [IQR: 27-36]. HIV, HBV and HCV prevalence were respectively 44.9% (95% CI:37.6-52.3), 32.8% (95% CI:26.3-39.5) and 38.3 (95% CI:30.6-45.9). Co-infections of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV were identified in 13.1% (95% CI:7.2-18.9), 29.5% (95% CI:22.2-36.8) and 9.2% (95% CI:3.7-14.7) of PWID, respectively. Older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HBV co-infection. Living in Maputo city, have older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HCV co-infection.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>There is a high burden of HBV and HCV among HIV-infected PWID in Mozambique. Our results highlight the need for targeted harm reduction interventions that include needle exchange programs and integrated services for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, HBV and HCV to address these epidemics among PWID. Efforts should be made to strengthen ART coverage in the population as an important treatment strategy for both viruses.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32493347</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2458</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Jun</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BMC public health</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>BMC Public Health</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>851</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12889-020-09012-w</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">There is scare information about HIV co-infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Mozambique. This information is critical to ensure the treatment necessary to decrease the progression of liver disease and the transmission of both HIV and hepatitis. We assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infections as well as associated risk factors among PWID.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">The first Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted in 2013-2014 among persons who self-reported to have ever injected drugs. Using respondent-driven sampling, PWID aged 18 years and older were recruited in two cross-sectional samples in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala, two large urban centers of Mozambique. Rapid screening of HIV, HBV (HBsAg) and HCV was performed on site. Data from participants in both cities were pooled to conduct RDS-weighted bivariate analyses with HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections as separate outcomes. Unweighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess correlates of co-infection.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Among 492 eligible PWID, 93.3% were male and median age was 32 years [IQR: 27-36]. HIV, HBV and HCV prevalence were respectively 44.9% (95% CI:37.6-52.3), 32.8% (95% CI:26.3-39.5) and 38.3 (95% CI:30.6-45.9). Co-infections of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV were identified in 13.1% (95% CI:7.2-18.9), 29.5% (95% CI:22.2-36.8) and 9.2% (95% CI:3.7-14.7) of PWID, respectively. Older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HBV co-infection. Living in Maputo city, have older age, history of needle/syringe sharing and history of injection with used needle/syringe was associated with HIV/HCV co-infection.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">There is a high burden of HBV and HCV among HIV-infected PWID in Mozambique. Our results highlight the need for targeted harm reduction interventions that include needle exchange programs and integrated services for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, HBV and HCV to address these epidemics among PWID. Efforts should be made to strengthen ART coverage in the population as an important treatment strategy for both viruses.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Semá Baltazar</LastName>
<ForeName>Cynthia</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-2240</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo, Mozambique. cynthiasema@yahoo.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. cynthiasema@yahoo.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boothe</LastName>
<ForeName>Makini</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California, San Francisco, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kellogg</LastName>
<ForeName>Timothy</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California, San Francisco, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ricardo</LastName>
<ForeName>Paulino</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo, Mozambique.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sathane</LastName>
<ForeName>Isabel</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Program to Control STIs and HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fazito</LastName>
<ForeName>Erika</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Center Aids Program (ICAP), Maputo, Mozambique.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raymond</LastName>
<ForeName>Henry F</ForeName>
<Initials>HF</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California, San Francisco, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Temmerman</LastName>
<ForeName>Marleen</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of OBGYN, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luchters</LastName>
<ForeName>Stanley</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>5U2GPS002829</GrantID>
<Agency>U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief</Agency>
<Country></Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>BMC Public Health</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>100968562</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1471-2458</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060085" MajorTopicYN="N">Coinfection</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055030" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Users</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058872" MajorTopicYN="N">Epidemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006678" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015658" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016174" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepacivirus</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006509" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis B</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006515" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis B virus</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006526" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis C</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009073" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Mozambique</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016485" MajorTopicYN="N">Needle Sharing</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012309" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk-Taking</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015819" MajorTopicYN="N">Substance Abuse, Intravenous</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Co-infections</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HIV</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis B</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis C</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mozambique</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">People who inject drugs</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Respondent driven sampling</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
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<Day>29</Day>
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Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.

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